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Hittites, a civilization full of glory

http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/arte/videos/690.htm

Many time ago, exactly between the centuries XVIII and XII BC, existed a great and powerful civilization called ‘’Hittites ‘', their origin was Indioeuropean and their location was ''Anatolia'', Hititians were discevered by Charles Felix Teiser in 1863.

Hititians kingdom had three principals stages, 1) the ancient kingdom (1650-1500 BC) or frist expansion 2) the middle kingdom (1500-1430 BC) stage of relative decrease and finally the new kingdom were they got the max power. they also had their own scriture based on ''Pictograms'' the language was particulary complex it is known as ''Nesita''.

It is a list of Hittite´s herarchy

Hittite´s KINGS

	NAME	DATES OF REING
	POSSIBLE PREDECESSORS
	Pittkhana	Century XVIII BC
	Anitta	Century XVIII BC
	Tudhalia	Century XVIII BC
	Pusarrumas	Century XVIII BC
	ANCIENT KINGDOM
	Labarna I	1680 - 1650 BC
	Hattusil I	1650 - 1620 BC
	Mursil I	1620 - 1590 BC
	Hantil I	1590 - 1560 BC
	Zidanta I	1560 - 1550 BC
	Ammuna	1550 - 1530 BC
	Huzzia I	1530 - 1525 BC
	Telebino	1525 - 1500 BC
	MIDDLE KINGDOM
	Alluanna	Century XV BC
	Tahurwaili	Century XV BC
	Hantil II	Century XV BC
	Zidanta II	Century XV BC
	Huzzia II	Century XV BC
	Muwatallis I	Century XV BC, Until 1430 BC
	NEW KINGDOM
	Tudhalia I	1430 - 1400 BC
	Arnuanda I	1400 - 1385 BC
	Tudhalia II	1385 - ¿1360? BC
	Hattusil II	Century XIV BC
	Tudhalia III	Century XIV BC
	Shubiluliuma I	Indetermine, until 1322 B
	Arnuanda II	1322 - 1321 BC
	Mursil II	1321 - 1295 BC
	Muwatallis II	1295 - 1272 BC
	Urhi-Teshub	1272 - 1265 BC
	Hattusil III	1265 - 1237 BC
	Tudhalia IV (first reign)	1237 - 1228 BC
	Kurunta	1228 BC
	Tudhalia IV (Second reign)	1228 - 1209 BC
	Arnuanda III	1209 - 1208 BC
	Shubiluliuma II	1207 - ¿1178? BC

Physical appearance, origins, and genetics

Pharaoh Ramses II often referred to the Hittite's as humty which translated from ancient Egyptian meant "women-soldiers", as it was the practice of male Hittite warriors to wear their hair long. Scholars have also regarded the Hittites to be of a "Mediterranean ethnic group". Archeologist Henry Heras's analysis of Egyptian portrayals of the Hittites, coincided with this view as they appeared to possess physical characteristics typical of Mediterranean people. Some scholars believed that this may point to a north-east African origin as such physical traits have been thought to originate in this area. Similar physical characteristics were possessed by the ancient Greeks leading some to suspect that both ancient Greeks and Hittites descended from similar prehistoric populations in the Near East and Aegean. Physical anthropological analysis of populations, however, is typically deemed unreliable for the basis of grouping people into a race, justifying folk migrations and accounting for the origins of ancient people due to many complicated factors.

The exact origins of the Hittites have been shrouded in mystery for quite some time. While it has been argued that Hittite culture and language developed locally in Anatolia, it has been far more common to view the Hittites and their ways as intrusive. Possible geographic origins from the west (Balkans), east (via or along the Caspian Sea or from the Armenian highlands), and north (across the Black sea) are just some of the proposed migration routes. The process has been viewed as one of conquering elites. but alternatively as peaceful coupled with gradual assimilation. In archaeological terms, relationships of the Hittites to the Ezero culture of the Balkans and Maikop culture of the Caucasus have been considered within the migration framework.

A genetic study based on modern male Anatolian y-chromosome DNA has revealed gene flow from multiple geographic origins which may correspond to various migrations over time. The predominant male lineages of Anatolian males are shared with European and neighboring Near Eastern populations (94.1%). Lineages related to Central Asia, India, and Africa were far less prevalent among the males sampled. No specific lineage was determined or identified as "Hittite", however the y-chromosome haplogroup G-M201 was implied to have a possible association with the Hattians.

FAMILY

Families in our days are usually composed by a father which is generally the head of the family, by a mother and children; this is what we find usually in a normal family. Sometimes we can find some exceptions, such as cases where the woman is on board of her family, or children who are rise by their grandparents (well, that’s what we can find in western world).

For Hittites families, the relationship in a common family core were not as different as in the occidental world, a common family core was composed with a father who had the task of feeding his family, the mother who rise the children. However, marriage was not so important, only for the government and the families marriage had a kind of importance, because for their gods order and prosperity had much more relevance.

Often we use to think that in ancient civilizations women had an irrelevant task as citizens, but in this culture was not like that, for example, if a woman lost her husband because he died in a battle or working, she can get marry again or not, that was her choice, she could work for her family or not, anyway, it was a civilization with a high sense of culture and humanity (among them).

For kids were not so easy, it is known that when the older son birth twelve years old, he had to enjoy to the army until he was thirty five, whit that age he could decide if stay in the army or stay in home, any case, open and big wars were not so common, because Hittites was one of the four huge civilizations.

THEIR LEGACY

Legacy

It would be hard to say what could they left for the future, because they did not discovered the fire or America, they did not invent the wheel or the plane, but they were a huge and powerful civilization that stayed away from our memories and our history.

In fact they were recently discovered, just a hundred years ago we started to hear their echoes again rising from under the land of turkey, when an archeologist trying to find something new put his feet over a great wall which once had 30 feet high and back then and now had only 3 feet high, it was the amazing capital city of hattusa, it is hard to see looking at the horizon, to find it you must know what you look for.

Maybe they were not the firsts inventing the sword, but they had a lot of knowledge about iron work, they had the most lethal narrows from troy, and horse cars which could as the Egyptians destroy any enemy ahead, their capital was placed in the middle of a cold desert, if any enemy could even get close to the city, they had to fight against 30 feet high and 9 feet wide walls full of archers. Whatever, a huge civilization can not be destroy by the outside.